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1.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 15(59): 271-273, jul.-sept. 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-115840

RESUMO

Conclusiones de los autores del estudio: el inicio tardío de antibioticoterapia no empeora la recuperación de una otitis media aguda (OMA), valorada por una mejoría en los signos y síntomas de esta entidad. Sin embargo, la demora hasta el inicio de los antibióticos puede asociarse a un empeoramiento clínico transitorio con prolongación de los síntomas y pérdidas económicas. Comentario de los revisores: este estudio no ofrece información válida en la que sustentar un cambio de nuestra práctica clínica en cuanto a la decisión de tratar precozmente o no las otitis en los niños entre seis meses y tres años de edad. Son necesarios más estudios para establecer cuáles de estos pacientes pueden beneficiarse de un tratamiento diferido (AU)


Authors’ conclusions: the delayed antibiotic treatment doesn’t make worse the recovery from acute otitis media, assessed through improvement in signs and symptoms. Nevertheless the delay until the starting of antibiotics can be associated to a transient clinical deterioration with a longer period of symptoms and economic losses. Reviewers’ commentary: this study doesn’t provide valuable information to base a change in our clinical practice regarding the decision to treat early or not the otitis in children between 6 months and 3 years old. Further studies are needed to establish which of these patients may benefit from delayed treatment (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/métodos , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/tendências , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências/métodos , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências/tendências , Otite/complicações , Otite/diagnóstico , Otite/tratamento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/normas , Atenção Primária à Saúde
2.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 14(53): 83-87, ene.-mar. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-99951

RESUMO

Se formula un escenario clínico en el que un bebé presenta cólico del lactante (CL), cuestionando los padres si la utilización de probióticos podría ayudarles. El pediatra, tras elaborar la pregunta clínica estructurada, realiza una búsqueda bibliográfica, encontrando dos estudios que abordan esta cuestión concreta. Estos estudios concluyen que Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), comparado con simeticona o placebo, parece eficaz para disminuir las horas de llanto de los niños con CL. Pero el pediatra, tras realizar la valoración crítica de estas dos publicaciones, llega a la conclusión de que las limitaciones metodológicas de los estudios revisados no permiten establecer actualmente una recomendación firme para administrar preparados de L. reuteri como tratamiento del CL. Se recomienda proporcionar información a los padres sobre el CL con el objeto de tranquilizarlos acerca de su evolución. El consejo adecuado proporcionado por un profesional sanitario es eficaz para disminuir la sintomatología clínica del niño (AU)


The clinical scenario of a baby with infant colic is described. The parents ask if a compound of probiotics could be of help. The pediatrician produces a structured clinical question and then a bibliographic search where he finds two articles of interest for this question. These papers conclude that Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), compared to simethicone or placebo, seems effective in reducing the hours of crying in children with infantile colic (IC). But the pediatrician, after doing the critical appraisal concludes that the methodological limitations of the reviewed studies do not allow currently a strong recommendation on giving preparations of L. reuteri as a treatment for IC. It is recommended to provide information to parents on the IC in order to reassure them about their evolution. Appropriate advice provided by a health professional is effective in reducing infant clinical symptoms (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/métodos , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/tendências , Cólica/complicações , Cólica/diagnóstico , Cólica/terapia , Choro/fisiologia , Probióticos/metabolismo , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Limosilactobacillus reuteri/isolamento & purificação , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde
3.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 75(5): 298-306, nov. 2011. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-97663

RESUMO

Introducción: El objetivo de la presente revisión sistemática es determinar si el tratamiento antibiótico de la faringoamigdalitis estreptocócica con una dosis diaria de amoxicilina tiene una eficacia similar a otras posologías (cada 8 o 12h) del mismo antibiótico o de penicilina V. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorios (ECA), que compararan amoxicilina (1 dosis/día) frente a otras posologías de amoxicilina (cada 8-12h) o penicilina V (cada 6, 8 o 12h). Bases de datos y buscadores consultados: Medline, Central, EMBASE y Google Académico. Los resultados se combinaron estimándose la diferencia de riesgos ponderada (DR). Se midió la eficacia del tratamiento por la negativización de cultivo orofaríngeo previamente positivo a estreptococo del grupo A a los 14-21 días (bajo una hipótesis de no inferioridad, considerando como tal que el límite superior del intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC del 95%] de la DR no supere el 10%) y la recaída clínica a los 10-21 días. Los resultados se combinaron siguiendo un modelo de efectos fijos o aleatorios según existiera o no heterogeneidad. Resultados: Cumplieron los criterios de selección 4 ECA con 1.314 participantes (657 recibieron amoxicilina 1 vez/día y 657 otros antibióticos o posologías): a) cultivo positivo para cualquier estreptococo (14-21 días, 4 ECA): DR: –0,5% (IC del 95%, –5,1% a 4,2%; b) persistencia del mismo serotipo (14-21 días, 3 ECA): DR: 0,32% (IC del 95%, –3,1% a 3,7%; c) recaída clínica (10-21 días, 2 ECA): DR: 1,7% (IC del 95%, –1,9% a 5,4%); d) efectos adversos (4 ECA): DR: –0,39% (IC del 95%, –1,5% a 6,8%(. No existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en ninguna de las comparaciones realizadas. Conclusiones: La amoxicilina, administrada en una sola dosis diaria, no es inferior a otras posologías del mismo antibiótico o de penicilina V. Estos resultados son importantes ya que pueden facilitar el cumplimiento terapéutico (AU)


Introduction: The objective of this systematic review is to determine if the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis with a daily dose of amoxicillin is similar in effectiveness to other dosing schedules (every 6, 8 or 12hours) of the same antibiotic or penicillin V. Material and methods: Randomised clinical trials (RCT) comparing amoxicillin (one dose per day) compared to other dosages of amoxicillin (every 8-12hours) or penicillin V (every 6, 8 or 12hours). Search databases consulted: Medline, Central, EMBASE and Google Scholar. The results were combined using the risk difference (RD). We measured the effectiveness of each treatment with a negative throat culture on the 14-21th day, being previously positive to group A Streptococcus (under a non-inferiority hypothesis, where the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval [95% CI] of the DR does not exceed 10%) and clinical failure on days 10-21. The results were combined according to a fixed effects model or random depending on whether or not there was heterogeneity. Results: Four RCT met the selection criteria with 1,314 participants (657 received amoxicillin once per day, and 657 received other antibiotics or dosages): a) any positive culture for Streptococcus (14-21st day, 4 RCTs): DR: –0.5% (95% CI: –5.1% to 4.2%; b) persistence of the same serotype (14-21st day, 3 RCT): DR: 0.32% (95% CI: –3.1% to 3.7%; c) clinical failure (2 RCT): DR: 1.7% (95% CI: –1.9% to 5.4%; d) adverse effects (4 RCT): DR: –0.39% (95% CI: –1.5% to 6.8%). There were no statistically significant differences in any comparisons. Conclusions: Amoxicillin, administered once daily is not inferior to other dosages of the same antibiotic or penicillin V. These results are important because they may facilitate compliance (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Tonsilite/tratamento farmacológico , Amoxicilina/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/métodos , Metanálise como Assunto , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolamento & purificação , Penicilina V/uso terapêutico , Infecções Pneumocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , 28599 , Intervalos de Confiança
4.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 75(5): 298-306, 2011 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21703951

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this systematic review is to determine if the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis with a daily dose of amoxicillin is similar in effectiveness to other dosing schedules (every 6, 8 or 12 hours) of the same antibiotic or penicillin V. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Randomised clinical trials (RCT) comparing amoxicillin (one dose per day) compared to other dosages of amoxicillin (every 8-12 hours) or penicillin V (every 6, 8 or 12 hours). Search databases consulted: Medline, Central, EMBASE and Google Scholar. The results were combined using the risk difference (RD). We measured the effectiveness of each treatment with a negative throat culture on the 14-21th day, being previously positive to group A Streptococcus (under a non-inferiority hypothesis, where the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval [95% CI] of the DR does not exceed 10%) and clinical failure on days 10-21. The results were combined according to a fixed effects model or random depending on whether or not there was heterogeneity. RESULTS: Four RCT met the selection criteria with 1,314 participants (657 received amoxicillin once per day, and 657 received other antibiotics or dosages): a) any positive culture for Streptococcus (14-21st day, 4 RCTs): DR: -0.5% (95% CI: -5.1% to 4.2%; b) persistence of the same serotype (14-21st day, 3 RCT): DR: 0.32% (95% CI: -3.1% to 3.7%; c) clinical failure (2 RCT): DR: 1.7% (95% CI: -1.9% to 5.4%; d) adverse effects (4 RCT): DR: -0.39% (95% CI: -1.5% to 6.8%). There were no statistically significant differences in any comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: Amoxicillin, administered once daily is not inferior to other dosages of the same antibiotic or penicillin V. These results are important because they may facilitate compliance.


Assuntos
Amoxicilina/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Infecções Estreptocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Tonsilite/tratamento farmacológico , Tonsilite/microbiologia , Criança , Esquema de Medicação , Humanos
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